নেত্রকোণা মেডিকেল কলেজ, নেত্রকোণা

Introduction of Microbiology:

 Brief historical background  Branches of Microbiology  Legends in the field of Microbiology  Koch’s postulate, molecular Koch’s postulate, the limitations and new adjucts.  Concept of medical biotechnology in relation to Microbiology  Importance and scope of microbiology in medical science. Bacterial cell:  Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells with examples  Different structures of bacterial cell and their functions.  Brief description of cell wall of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.  Spores structure and clinical importance.  L-forms, protoplast, spheroplast, Clinical importance of L-form. Bacterial classification and staining:  Nomenclature of Bacteria.  Classification by staining, morphology, Oxygen requirement, temperature requirement.  Staining- Theoretical basis and clinical significance of Gram and Z-N stain, Albert stain, Auramin-Rodamin stain  Practical on staining: Gram, Z-N staining and Albert stain

Nutrition and Cultivation of bacteria:

 Nutritional requirement for the growth of bacteria.  Growth curve: phases with clinical significance  Common bacteriological media: classification and uses. Sterilization and Disinfection:  Definition, classification and applications of sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis  Methods of sterilizations: details of autoclaving, hot air oven and chemical methods.  Sterilization of medical equipment and culture media.  Disinfection of body fluid spillage and equipment.  Preparation of disinfectants and their use. Antimicrobial agents:  Definition of antibiotics, antimicrobial agents, chemotherapeutics, bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal, synergism, antagonism, selective toxicity etc.  Classification of anti microbial agents  Mechanism of action on bacteria with examples  Drug resistance: origin, mechanism, transmission and prevention  Indication of combination of antibiotics in bacterial infection  Hazards of indiscriminate use of antibiotics  Defining MDR, XDR and PDR bacteria.  Definition and importance of ESBL, MBL, MRSA, VRSA, VRE.  Definition and importance of Biofilm

Host-Parasite relationship:

 Terms and Definitions.  Parasite and Host attributes  Normal flora, opportunistic pathogens and their clinical importance. Pathogenesis of bacterial diseases:  Transmission of bacterial agents.  Virulence factors: e.g. antigens, toxins, enzymes, invasiveness and their role in pathogenesis of diseases with examples. Bacterial Genetics:  Bacterial genome, DNA, chromosome, plasmid, transpozon etc.  Gene transfer in bacteria.  Bacterial DNA replication.  DNA recombination, principles of Clonning and genetic engineering. Septic Shock