নেত্রকোণা মেডিকেল কলেজ, নেত্রকোণা

Introduction to pathology:  Introduction to different branches of pathology  Definition of aetiology, morphology and pathogenesis

Cell injury:  Cause of cell injury  Reversible and irreversible injury: mechanism  Mechanism of hypoxic injury  Name of free radical , target of free radical and scavenging system (name of the anti-oxidant), definition of reperfusion injury  Definition of necrosis and apoptosis, types of necrosis and morphologic feature with examples Additional:  Mechanism of free radical injury and reperfusion injury, apoptosis  Consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of calcium homeostasis

Pigments and calcification Pathological calcification- dystrophic and metastatic: definitions with examples.  Different intracellular pigmentation particularly their name Additional: Mechanism of calcification

Acute Inflammation  Causes and cardinal signs or features of acute inflammation;  Vascular and cellular events Chemical mediators and their function  Morphological patterns of acute inflammation  Out come of acute inflammation  Local and systemic effect of acute inflammation Additional:  Recruitment of leukocytes  Role of complement , coagulation and kinin system  Mechanism of neutrophil recruitment  Recognition of microbes and dead tissue  Defects in leukocyte function  How the chemical mediator works

Chronic inflammation: Cause  Difference with acute inflammation  Role of macrophage  Examples of granulomatous lesion  Type of granuloma  Mechanism of granuloma Additional- Giant cells

Repair and healing:  Definition of healing, repair and regeneration  Steps of cutaneous wound healing,  Factors influencing wound healing  Complications of wound healing,  Fracture healing  Nerve regeneration Additional:  Stem cell  Growth cycle  Extracellular matrix

Edema and electrolyte disorder  Pathophysiology of oedema  Mechanism of oedema in cirrhosis, renal disease and heart failure  Examination of body fluids such as pleural effusion, ascitic fluid  Electrolyte disorder: causes of metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis & respiratory alkalosis

Hyperemia, congestion and haemorrhage and Shock Definition of hyperaemia, congestion and haemorrhage  Cause of passive Congestion in lung and liver  Shock: type, pathogenesis of septic shock, stages Additional:  Morphology of passive congestion in lung and liver  Mechanism of compensation in shock

Thrombosis and embolism:  Mechanism of thrombosis  fate of thrombus,  Clinical consequence of venous thrombosis, arterial and cardiac thrombosis  DIC

Embolism and infarction Definition of embolism  Pulmonary embolism: source and consequence  Systemic thromboembolism: source and consequence  Air embolism, fat embolism, amniotic fluid embolism: source and consequence  Infarct: definition, types, factors influencing the formation of

Growth disturbance and adaptive change  Adaptive change  Definitions and examples of atrophy, metaplasia, hypertrophy, hyperplasia Additional : Mechanism of the adaptive changes

Neoplasia :  Definition and characteristics of neoplasia  Nomenclature  Features of benign and malignant tumour  Spread of tumour  Genetic predisposition of cancer  Example of proto-oncogene, cancer suppressor gene  Precancerous conditions Additional:  Molecular basis of cancer  Multiple step of carcinogenesis

Carcinogenesis:  Chemical carcinogen: classification  Tumour: initiation and promotion  Microbiologlogical carcinogen: name and the cancer associated with them  Name of the radiant energy and the cancer associated with them Additional: Mechanism of the carcinogenesis of the viruses and radiant energy particularly of HPV and EBV and H pylori

Tumor immunity and clinical aspects of neoplasia and laboratory diagnosis of tumor:  Tumor antigen  Antitumor mechanism  Immune surveillance  Cancer cachexia  Paraneoplastic syndrome  Grading and staging of tumor : basis and their use  Laboratory diagnosis: role of FNAC, cytological examination, pap smear, frozen section and immunohistochemistry Additional:  Mechanism of immune surveillance  Praraneoplastic syndrome  Molecular diagnosis of cancer

Genetics:  Basic definitions, mutation, type,  Classification of genetic disease,  Mendelian disorder: characteristics and examples,  features of down syndrome, turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome and hermaphrodite  Name of the tools for diagnosis of genetic diseasekaryotype,FISH, PCR. Additional:  Biochemical and molecular basis of single gene disorder, lysosomal storage disease  Single gene disorder non-classical inheritance  Indications of prenatal diagnosis

Immunopathology  Name of immune deficiency diseases  Autoimmune diseases: name of the organ specific auto immune diseases and the basic pathogenesis (name of the antibody)  Name of the diagnostic tools

Nutritional disorders:  Bone changes in deficiency states  Features of vitamin A, Vit B12 and folic acid deficiency Additional:  Iron metabolism  Vitamin A and D metabolism  Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency mechanism

Environmental diseases and hazards :  Diseases associated with smoking, arsenicosis, radiation hazard